Gas Hydrates
in a nutshell

Basic info

Primary component

Methane

Amount

250 - 700 trillion cubic feet

numbers of fields

more than 50

Countries

more than 25

extraction

There are 3 methods

Top country

Japan

Gas Hydrates are:

ice-like crystalline minerals that form when low molecular weight gas (such as methane, ethane, or carbon dioxide) combines with water and freezes into a solid under low temperature and moderate pressure conditions. Most gas hydrates are formed from methane (CH4), which has led to the terms “gas hydrate” and “methane hydrate” often being used interchangeably.

stages of gas Hydrate combustion

stage (II) is rapid combustion (the flame height remains at a high level)

II stage

stage (III) is stable combustion (the flame height is gradually decreasing)

III stage

stage (IV) is fading (the flame height is kept low)

IV stage

stage (I) is combustion development (the flame height increases gradually),

I stage

stage (II) is rapid combustion (the flame height remains at a high level)

II stage

stage (III) is stable combustion (the flame height is gradually decreasing)

III stage

stage (IV) is fading (the flame height is kept low)

IV stage

stage (I) is combustion development (the flame height increases gradually),

I stage

stage (II) is rapid combustion (the flame height remains at a high level)

II stage

stage (III) is stable combustion (the flame height is gradually decreasing)

III stage

Stability conditions

Idealized phase diagrams illustrating where methane hydrate is stable in marine and permafrost settings. Hydrate can exist at depths where the temperature (blue curve) is less than the maximum stability temperature for gas hydrate (orange curve). Pressure and temperature both increase with depth in the Earth.

clathrate hydrate

small hydrate lattices that can only contain small gas molecules such as (CH4)

Structure I

Large, more complex and capable of containing

Structure II

capable of containing iso-pentane, a relatively large

Structure III

small hydrate lattices that can only contain small gas molecules such as (CH4)

Structure I

Large, more complex and capable of containing

Structure II

capable of containing iso-pentane, a relatively large

Structure III

small hydrate lattices that can only contain small gas molecules such as (CH4)

Structure I

Large, more complex and capable of containing

Structure II

capable of containing iso-pentane, a relatively large

Structure III

Context of gas hydrates

Gas hydrates present a vast untapped resource of natural gas, with estimates placing hydrate reserves as greater than the known reserves of all oil, natural gas, and coal in the world. Despite this promise, future production volumes are speculative because methane production from hydrate has not been documented beyond small-scale field experiments. Large-scale commercial operations to develop gas-hydrate deposits are at least a decade away.

Ideational Facts

the US Geological Survey map

There is more energy in methane hydrates than in all the world's oil, coal and gas.

Gas Hydrates R&D Program

Gas hydrates consist of molecules of natural gas

Formaldehyde and Ethanol

The water molecule splits up into H and OH as it reacts with ethene.

Methane Hydrates

1,000 meters below the surface and 50 miles off its shores

Marine gas hydrates

1,000 meters below the surface and 50 miles off its shores

the US Geological Survey map

There is more energy in methane hydrates than in all the world's oil, coal and gas.

Gas Hydrates R&D Program

Gas hydrates consist of molecules of natural gas

Formaldehyde and Ethanol

The water molecule splits up into H and OH as it reacts with ethene.

Methane Hydrates

1,000 meters below the surface and 50 miles off its shores

Marine gas hydrates

1,000 meters below the surface and 50 miles off its shores

the US Geological Survey map

There is more energy in methane hydrates than in all the world's oil, coal and gas.

Top gas hydrate deposits

India

The Kerala-Konkan basin, the Krishna-Godavari basin, Andaman offshores

China

The South China Sea’s deeper waters also are believed rich in methane hydrates.

Turkey

Gas hydrate indicators in the Western Black Sea Turkey's offshore border

Japan

First offshore production site on Daini-Atsumi Knoll in the eastern Nankai Trough

Canada

Location of arctic Mallik gas hydrate research well on the Mackenzie Delta

USA

53.8 trillion cubic feet are stored in hydrate-bearing formations in the Alaska.

India

The Kerala-Konkan basin, the Krishna-Godavari basin, Andaman offshores

China

The South China Sea’s deeper waters also are believed rich in methane hydrates.

Turkey

Gas hydrate indicators in the Western Black Sea Turkey's offshore border

Japan

First offshore production site on Daini-Atsumi Knoll in the eastern Nankai Trough

Canada

Location of arctic Mallik gas hydrate research well on the Mackenzie Delta

USA

53.8 trillion cubic feet are stored in hydrate-bearing formations in the Alaska.

scientist's meanings

"Estimates suggest that there is about the same amount of carbon in methane hydrates as there is in every other organic carbon store on the planet,"

Gas hydrate mounds form when the ideal temperature, pressure, and chemical composition conditions for the gas are achieved.

An unusual occurrence of hydrocarbon in which molecules of natural gas, typically methane, are trapped in ice molecules.

There are numerous gas hydrate reserves all over the world, especially in permafrost regions and ocean environments.

For us, hydrate deposits are important for a variety of reasons: Gas hydrate deposits may contain roughly twice the carbon contained in all reserves.

"Estimates suggest that there is about the same amount of carbon in methane hydrates as there is in every other organic carbon store on the planet,"

Gas hydrate mounds form when the ideal temperature, pressure, and chemical composition conditions for the gas are achieved.

An unusual occurrence of hydrocarbon in which molecules of natural gas, typically methane, are trapped in ice molecules.

There are numerous gas hydrate reserves all over the world, especially in permafrost regions and ocean environments.

For us, hydrate deposits are important for a variety of reasons: Gas hydrate deposits may contain roughly twice the carbon contained in all reserves.

"Estimates suggest that there is about the same amount of carbon in methane hydrates as there is in every other organic carbon store on the planet,"

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